Venous Thromboembolic Complications in Patients with Acute Chemical Poisoning

RELEVANCE. Venous thromboembolic complications (VTEC) occur in patients hospitalized with various pathologies, complicate treatment and increase mortality. This problem has not received enough attention in toxicology.

AIM OF THE STUDY. Conduct an analysis of VTEC in patients with acute chemical poisoning (AP).

MATERIAL AND METHODS. The hospital patient records and pathological examination reports of 670 patients of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine who died from VTEC in the period 2016–2022 were retrospectively analyzed. VTEC were confirmed by Doppler ultrasound during life or during pathological examination. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the IBM computer program SPSS Statistics 26.0.

RESULTS. VTEC were diagnosed in 245 patients. The proportion of VTEC increased from 20.2 to 46.7% over the years, and in cases of VTEC caused by psychopharmacological drugs, they were registered in 48.8% of cases. VTEC occurred twice more often in people over 60 years of age and 1.3-fold more often in women. Deep vein thrombosis of the right lower limb was predominant in all types of poisoning, and the prevalence of the lesion was mainly local. Concomitant cardiovascular diseases, oncological diseases, diabetes mellitus, and the development of pneumonia increased the risk of VTEC. Pulmonary embolism was observed in more than a third of cases of VTEC in patients with VTEC caused by psychopharmacological drugs, corrosive substances, and hypotensive and antiarrhythmic drugs.

CONCLUSIONS. The characteristics of venous thromboembolic complications in acute chemical poisoning in general is similar to the complications indicated that arise in other pathologies, but has some features caused by the effect of specific chemicals on the body.

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